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威尔基柯林斯简介 英文版

生活百科威尔基


威尔基柯林斯简介 英文版

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【威尔基柯林斯简介 英文版】William Wilkie Collins (8 January 1824 – 23 September 1889) was an English novelist, playwright, and author ofshort stories. His best-known works are The Woman in White, The Moonstone, Armadale, and No Name.Collins was born into the family of painter William Collins in London. He received his early education at home from his mother. He then attended an academy and a private boarding school. He also traveled with his family to Italy and France, and learned the French and Italian languages. He served as a clerk in the firm of the tea merchants Antrobus & Co. His first novel Iolani, or Tahiti as It Was; a Romance, was rejected by publishers in 1845. His next novel, Antonina, was published in 1850. In 1851 he met Charles Dickens, and the two became close friends. A number of Collins's works were first published in Dickens's journals All the Year Round and Household Words. The two collaborated on several dramatic and fictional works, and some of Collins's plays were performed by Dickens's acting company.Collins published his best known works in the 1860s, achieving financial stability and an international reputation. During this time he began suffering from gout, and developed an addiction to opium, which he took (in the form oflaudanum) for pain. He continued to publish novels and other works throughout the 1870s and 80s, but the quality of his writing declined along with his health. He died in 1889.Early lifeCollins was born at 11 New Cavendish Street, Marylebone, London, the son of well-known Royal Academician landscape painter,William Collins and his wife Harriet Geddes. Named after his father, he swiftly became known by his second name (which honoured his godfather, David Wilkie). The family moved to Pond Street, Hampstead, in 1826. In 1828 Collins's brotherCharles Allston Collins was born. Between 1829 and 1830, the Collins family moved twice, first to Hampstead Square and then to Porchester Terrace, Bayswater.[1] Wilkie and Charles received their early education from their mother at home. The Collins family was deeply religious, and Collins's mother enforced strict church attendance on her sons, which Wilkie didn't like.[2]In 1835 Collins began attending school at the Maida Vale academy. From 1836 to 1838 he lived with his parents in Italy andFrance, which made a great impression on him. He learned Italian while the family was in Italy, and began learning French, in which he would eventually become fluent.[3]From 1838 to 1840 he attended The Reverend Cole's private boarding school inHighbury. At this school he was bullied by a boy who would force Collins to tell him a story before allowing him to go to sleep. "It was this brute who first awakened in me, his poor little victim, a power of which but for him I might never have been aware...When I left school I continued story telling for my own pleasure", Collins later said.In 1840 the family moved to 85 Oxford Terrace, Bayswater. In late 1840 he left school and was apprenticed as a clerk to the firm of tea merchants Antrobus & Co, owned by a friend of Wilkie's father. He disliked his clerical work, but remained employed with the company for more than five years. Collins's first story "The Last Stage Coachman" was published in theIlluminated Magazine in August 1843. In 1844 he traveled to Paris with Charles Ward. That same year he wrote his first novel, Iolani, or Tahiti as It Was; a Romance. In 1845 Iolani was submitted to Chapman and Hall, but it was rejected. The novel went unpublished during his lifetime. Collins said of the novel: "My youthful imagination ran riot among the noble savages, in scenes which caused the respectable British publisher to declare that it was impossible to put his name on the title page of such a novel." It was during the writing of this novel that Collins's father first learned that his assumptions that Wilkie would follow him in becoming a painter were mistaken.William Collins had intended for Wilkie to be a clergyman, and was disappointed in his son's lack of interest in such a career. In 1846 he instead enteredLincoln's Inn to study law on the initiative of his father who wanted him to have a steady income. Wilkie only showed a slight interest in his law studies, and spent most of his time with friends and in working on his second novel Antonina, or the Fall of Rome. After his father's death in 1847, Collins produced his first published book, Memoirs of the Life of William Collins, Esq., R.A., published in 1848. The family moved to 38 Blandford Square soon after, where they used their drawing room for amateur theatricals. In 1849 Collins exhibited a painting, "The Smugglers' Retreat", at the Royal Academy summer exhibition. Antonina was published by Richard Bentley in February, 1850. Collins went on a walking tour of Cornwall with artist Henry Brandling in July and August 1850. Collins managed to complete his legal studies, and was finally called to the bar in 1851. Though he never formally practiced law, he used his legal knowledge in many of his novels.Early writing careerAn instrumental event in Collins's career occurred in March 1851, when he was introduced to Charles Dickens by a mutual friend, the painter Augustus Egg. They became lifelong friends and collaborators. In May of that year Collins acted with Dickens in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's play Not So Bad As We Seem. Among the audience was Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.Collins's story "A Terribly Strange Bed," his first contribution to Household Words, appeared in April, 1852. In May 1852 he went on tour with Dickens's company of amateur actors, again performing Not So Bad As We Seem, but with a more substantial role. Collins's novel Basil was published by Bentley in November. During the writing of Hide and Seek, in early 1853, Collins suffered what was likely his first attack of gout, which plagued him for the rest of his life. He was ill from April until early July. He stayed with Dickens in Boulogne from July to September, 1853, afterwards touring Switzerland and Italywith Dickens and Augustus Egg from October to December. Collins published Hide and Seek in June 1854.During this period Collins extended the variety of his writing, publishing articles in George Henry Lewes's paper The Leader, short stories and essays for Bentley's Miscellany, dramatic criticism, and the travel book Rambles Beyond Railways. His first play, The Lighthouse was performed by Dickens's theatrical company at Tavistock House in 1855. His first collection of short stories, After Dark, was published by Smith, Elder in February 1856. His novel A Rogue's Life was serialised in Household Words in March 1856. Around this time, Collins began using laudanum to treat his gout. He became addicted to it, an addiction he struggled with later in life.He joined the staff of Household Words in October 1856. In 1856-1857 he collaborated closely with Dickens on the play The Frozen Deep, first performed at Tavistock. Collins's novel The Dead Secret was serialised in Household Words from January to June 1857 and published in volume form by Bradbury & Evans. Collins's play The Lighthouse was performed at the Olympic Theatre in August. The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices, based on Dickens's and Collins's walking tour in the north of England was serialised in Household Words in October 1857. In 1858 he collaborated with Dickens and other writers on the story "A House to Let".In 1858 Collins began living with Caroline Graves and her daughter Harriet. Caroline came from a humble family, having married young, had a child, and been widowed. Collins lived close to the small shop kept by Caroline, and the two may have met in the neighborhood in the mid-1850s. He treated Harriet, who he called "Carrie", as his own daughter, and helped to provide for her education. Excepting one short separation, they lived together for the rest of Collins's life. Although Collins disliked the institution of marriage, he remained dedicated to Caroline and Harriet, considering them to be his family.1860sAccording to biographer Melisa Klimaszewski, "The novels Collins published in the 1860s are the best and most enduring of his career. The Woman in White, No Name, Armadale, and The Moonstone, written in less than a decade, show Collins not just as a master of his craft, but as an innovater and provocateur. These four works, which secured him an international reputation, and sold in large numbers, ensured his financial stability, and allowed him to support many others."The Woman in White was serialised in All the Year Round from November 1859 to August 1860, and was a great success. The novel was published in book form soon after serial publication ended, and reached an eighth edition by November 1860. Due to his increased stature as a writer, Collins resigned his position with All the Year Round in 1862 in order to focus on novel writing. During the planning of his next novel, No Name, he continued to suffer from gout; this time it especially affected his eyes. Serial publication of No Name began in early 1862, and finished in 1863. His continued to suffer from gout, and his addiction to opium became a serious problem. At the beginning of 1863 he travelled to German spas and Italy for his health with Caroline Graves. In 1864 he began work on his novel Armadale, travelling in August to do research for it. It was published serially in The Cornhill Magazine from 1864 to 1866.

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